ASIAN ANTIQUES

shedding   by Lawrry Christ

North China region of the upper paleolithic (human fossil.Of late, homo sapiens.Because LongGuShan found in Beijing on the top of the Beijing sites from both ShanDingDong the name.1930 1933 ~ 1934, found that China geological survey performed by PeiWenZhong Cenozoic laboratory excavation.And human fossil together, unearthed the stone, bone Angle transmitters and perforation decorations, and found Chinese heretofore know the earliest burial.The end of the late pleistocene geological era, according to radioactive carbon dating the date, plus or minus 4.2 years for 18865.

Caves and age

ShanDingDong into the hole, room, next chamber and part 4 will matter under.The hole to the north, about 4 meters high, about 5 meters wide.In a cave on the eastern part of room approximately 8 meters wide, north and south, things about 14 meters long.On the ground, found a pile of cinders among lime-flower level and at the bottom of the cave walls, part of that by harrow the room is shedding place to live.In the room volation of baby skull fragments cultural and skeletal spicules, decorations and a small amount of the stone.The next room in caves, a deep upper west lower approximately 8 meters.Find a complete three moonhawk and some trunk bone, skeletons are hematite powder spread around that and some of the grave-goods under room is bury ground.Deep in the next room next will matter, is a north and south 3 meters long, things about 1 meter wide fractures.Found many complete animal skeleton, presumably, they are in the human habitat, now and then falling into before this natural “trap” in.

In ShanDingDong accumulation of vertebrate fossils found in total 54 species of mammals have 48, most of east China, Inner Mongolia and northeast China, are the only animals born extinction bears, finally spot hole hyenas and ostrich 3 kinds, accounted for only animal’s total 12.1%.Thus ShanDingDong is that at the end of the late pleistocene cave sites.

Physical features and racial ShanDingDong human fossil have represented the eight men and women, old and young individuals.The healing of the skull sew the growth of the degree and teeth at five of them are adults, including men and women than 60 prime and the Old Man, one is young, 1 is 5 year olds and 1 for the baby.

The constitution is shedding his progress.The most wide in the skull, near top nodules teeth smaller, tooth corona before higher, mandible very obvious in XiaKe prominent bent, NaoLiang has amounted to 1300 ~ 1,500 ml.These characteristics consistent with the modern.Male height about 1.74 meters, the female is 1.59-meter.

About the race, shedding German physical anthropologists WeiDuiRui had thought the skull’s elderly men like Western Europe measurement index fossil homo sapiens, such as grams of Rome, but according to farmers, and can determine morphology is original Mongolian people.One of the female skull belonging to Melanesian people type;Other bodies belong to the eskimos type.Even think these different ethnic members formed a family.Chinese ancient man scholars’ research thinks, older men almost all face skull bone measurements index and modern or fossil Mongolian race close, and far from Western Europe fossil homo sapiens.The ideology observation, skull from many of the features, such as nasal bone is narrower, a former nest, zygomatic prominent nose and chin, and straighter, belong to round pillow waits the characteristics of Mongolian race.One of the women, because human skull, cannot be analyzing deformation of the normal based on race.But its surface bone part of the main measurement values and index, near the modern or fossil Mongolian race, to a greater extent than the similarities with modern Melanesian people similar degree.All the morphological characteristics are closer to the Mongolian people.Another female skull with measuring results, she is and the eskimos, American Indian and Chinese, there is a close relation between the representatives of the original Mongolian race.She is better than the above two scull have more significant Mongolian racial typical morphological characteristics.

Shedding representative original Mongolian race, but there are some differences between individuals, that is forming of Mongolian race at that time, some details have yet to fully formed. FormBut some scholars believe that the era of racial form than shedding much earlier.(see illustration-a shedding recovery like)

Cultural relics

The stone few in number, shedding total, are not all 25 things are representative.Only three pieces for educating and cut with sandstone gravel, a forge.Scraping vessels were gangue stones piece with flint or made concave edges, one is making a delicate scraping.The poles flake (or says more than implement) for both ends blade gangue English, both ends of a stone crumbs spalling traces.This flake found in Beijing sites in many of the same methods used shedding production tools.The most representative bone Angle is preserved, needle body roll, only pinhole deformity, residual long 82 mm, needle body slightly bend, blow grind pinhole is very smooth, with small and thin sharply pointed state editor dig into, it is the earliest Chinese found paleolithic sewing tools.And one thing red deer antlers, branch fork amputated, surface after blow grind, pointed incomplete.Some suggest that the spear use is doing.

The stone and spicules shedding

The adornment is very rich, shedding a perforated beast Han teeth, sea shells, small ShiZhu, small stone to fall, Huan fisheye carved on bones and pipe etc. Of the groove bonePerforation beast, most 125 pieces teeth, except one medal, others outside tiger incisors for badgers, foxes, deer, wild meat animal ali and snacks in root position canine, are both facing dig into holes.Some from long wear, pore deformation already polished.Five pieces a semicircle arrangement when unearthed, possibly clusters of XiangShi.Perforation Han shell 3, sea in hinged department in pore former.they wear below.Making the most exquisite is seven tiny ShiZhu, raw materials for white limestone, irregular shape, size close, the largest diameter of 6.5 mm, holes drilled into by one side, the surface is dyed red.They are spreading in the skull, it may be near headdress.The stone fell by natural oval of magmatic rocks small gravel yellowish made, including two flat side, by artificially mill, and in the central to drill into holes.Also found 1 thing Huan fish eye on 4 pieces of bone and bone tube.The former drill a hole at the edges, the local dyed red;The latter, DiaoGu hose body made with smooth, there is friction marks, the surface has short and deep cross ditch, ranging as how much is obviously are designedly to answer the department of carving out other decorations.

Shedding decorations

Production, living and burial place shedding the natural environment and now the local scene similar.The mountain have thick forest, mountain has broad grassland.Tiger, cave bears, wolves, like his cheetah, masked civet and cattle, sheep, etc survival in the meantime.Shedding hunting and gathering in ruins, was found in a lot of the hare and hundreds of Beijing spot deer individual skeleton, should be the main object. They huntOn the site Huan fish, found in the big carp families that WeiZhui fossils, thoracic and shedding can already fishing of aquatic animals, put the production scope to expand the waters, this marked by the nature of human knowledge and capability is improved.

The stone though not typical shedding GuQi and adornment, but making very elegant.They mastered the drilling technology, will not only a straight, and can two face drill drill.In the eyes of Huan fish bone and only 3.3 mm in diameter drill a fine holes on the spicules that technology has quite skilled in the technology, manufacturing drilling tools already substantial level.Shedding mastered abraded technology.Although the technology used in the manufacture of adornment, but only after but for the emergence of neolithic abrading tool laid a foundation.Shedding also know the method with hematite powder dyeing, which makes adornment more bright-coloured and beautiful.Drilling, polished and dyeing technology, are not previously period, the use of these new technologies showed human production skills enhancement, also make life content more rich.The emergence of spicules implies had will sew.FengZhui up both the skins, withstand cold build residence, also can cover the body.And accessories appear, indicates that the aesthetic ideas have been shedding.The next room will be buried their dead shedding, suggesting they already have the primitive religious beliefs.Somebody thinks body and the surrounding hematite pink blood, people die blood symbol, plus the same color withered the substances, is in another world hopes raised.

About the Author

lawrry Christ is a local travel expert who has stayed in Beijing China for 5 years and works for beijing tour Travel Agency which provides various Beijing and China travel information, travel tips, culture knowledge and tour services. For taking tours of Beijing and China, please check great wall tour for details.

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